• Because the V ATPase inhibitors

  2022-11-18

  

  Because the V-ATPase inhibitors that have been employed in these studies (including bafilomycin and concanamycin), are membrane permeant, they inhibit all the V-ATPases in the cell. This is important since it is possible that intracellular V-ATPases, in addition to those present at the plasma membra

• We showed that activation of the

  2022-11-18

  

  We showed that activation of the ATM/ATR pathway leads to over-replication through suppression of CDK1 activity, consistent with previous findings that suppression of CDK1 activity is involved in the polyploidization of megakaryocyte and trophoblast cells [36], [37], [38], [39]. Suppression of CDK1

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Japanese

  2022-11-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Japanese encephalitis caused by JEV is characterized by salt inducible kinase neuron death. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We and other researchers have demonstrated that JEV induces apoptosis by ER stress-mediated IRE1/JN

• Introduction The corpus luteum CL is a transient endocrine g

  2022-11-18

  

  Introduction The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that differentiates from the thecal and granulosal cells of the ovarian follicle after ovulation. Its formation and limited lifespan in the mammalian ovary is important for fertility, as the CL produces progesterone (P4), the essent

• The reasons why antibiotic treatment

  2022-11-18

  

  The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detrimental are diverse. First, it may result in disruption of multifaceted microbe–microbe, as well as microbe–host, interactions that are key for the maintenance of homeostasis within this ecosystem. This can lead to the expansion of pathogenic microorga

• The lack of benefit in terms

  2022-11-18

  

  The lack of benefit in terms of overall survival for antiangiogenic treatment was similar when antiangiogenic drug was used both as first and second-line therapy, and both in association with cytotoxic treatment or alone. Noteworthy, a trend for an inferior outcome was observed in the group of patie

• Recent studies have supported the existence of

  2022-11-18

  

  Recent studies have supported the existence of an inward RAS regulatory mechanism in which AT1 receptors downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and subsequently impair angiotensin-(1-7) generation and MAS functionality (Jessup et al., 2006, Gallagher et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2009, Pern

• br AR signals and chemosensitivity in urothelial cancer A

  2022-11-18

  

  AR signals and chemosensitivity in urothelial cancer A significant amount of patients with urothelial cancer fail to respond to cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy, although it remains the mainstay of successful management of advanced disease. However, underlying mechanisms for chemoresistance

• br Material and methods br

  2022-11-18

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Nimodipine administration inhibited the level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, a sensor of cellular energy status that directs metabolic Paprotrain to support cellular growth and survival. CCH influences the oxygen and glucose s

• At the top of the S subsite

  2022-11-18

  

  At the top of the S1 subsite cylinder are two “cap” residues: E572 and M1034 [13]. Atomic structures of PfA-M1 have revealed important clues into potential roles for the cap residues in substrate selection. In the PfA-M1:bestatin co-crystal structure ([13]; Fig. 1), the P1 phenyl ring occupies the S

• The diversity of metabolic adaptations employed by cancer ce

  2022-11-18

  

  The diversity of metabolic adaptations employed by cancer cells in response to rapidly changing conditions, contributes to their biological aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance by enabling them to proliferate when nutrients are plentiful and to shift their resources to survival when nutrients a

• Several enzymes in serine and glycine metabolism have been

  2022-11-18

  

  Several enzymes in serine and glycine metabolism have been proposed as biomarkers for cancer stage and prognosis. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) levels are high in TNBC and low in luminal-A breast cancers (Kim et a

• Diabetes or inflammation is associated with up regulation of

  2022-11-18

  

  Diabetes or inflammation is associated with up-regulation of A2AAR (Pang et al., 2010). High levels of A2AARs are found in macrophages and microglial cells that are poised, on activation, to abrogate the immune response (Trincavelli et al., 2008). In addition, hyperglycemia is associated with increa

• GMF was later localized to the cytosol of

  2022-11-18

  

  GMFβ was later localized to the cytosol of primary astrocytes and glioma cell lines [67], prompting investigations into its involvement in intracellular signaling. It was found that PKA phosphorylation of GMFβ inhibits the ERK1/2 branch of the MAP kinase pathway [73], yet activates the stress-respon

• Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune

  2022-11-18

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic Methotrexate receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathogenesis of MG.

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