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Introduction AMP activated protein kinase
2023-07-29

Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is mainly known as a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed energy sensor that is highly sensitive to changes in cellular energy levels (by sensing increases in AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP ratios) and makes appropriate adjustment to balance the consumpt
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In conclusion we show that HBP is phosphorylated on three
2023-07-29

In conclusion, we show that HBP1 is phosphorylated on three sites, which control HBP1 transcriptional activity and glioblastoma cell proliferation. This phosphorylation largely depends on AKT, although other kinases may also be involved. In a previous study, we had shown that the PI3K-AKT pathway re
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br Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr
2023-07-29

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Bradford B. Lowell for providing us with β-less and WT breeding pairs. Funding sources: This work was supported by NIH Grant DK028082 (to E.M.F) and by an Institutional Research Training Grant NRSA 5T32DK751627 (to N.D.). Introduction The e
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To validate the identified phosphorylation
2023-07-29

To validate the identified phosphorylation sites in the mouse heart, we analyzed HEK 293T hydroxychloroquine sulfate transfected with Adrb1 based on the hypothesis that protein residues phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro are more likely to be physiologically relevant. All of the phosphorylati
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In young animals the HT A receptor antagonist
2023-07-29

In young animals, the 5-HT2A cpi 1 antagonist ketanserin, at relatively low concentrations, shifted 5-HT concentration-response curves rightward, suggesting a role for 5-HT2A receptors in mediating 5-HT-induced contractions of the ureter. The slopes of the ketanserin Schild plots for the antagonism
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br Difference between ACh and ER tests There are
2023-07-28

Difference between ACh and ER tests There are few reports concerning the provoked spasm between ER and ACh in the same patients [51], [52], [53]. Different mediators may have the potential of different coronary responses. In our experience, spasm provoked by intracoronary injection of ER is focal
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br Experimental procedure br Introduction Migraine
2023-07-28

Experimental procedure Introduction Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder characterized by recurring unilateral pulsating headaches of moderate to severe intensity, associated with nausea, photophobia and/or phonophobia, lasting from 4 to 72 h (Headache Classification Committee of
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br Conflict of interest statement br
2023-07-28

Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal SKF 81297 hydrobromide in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2 c
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The synthesis and secretion of adrenal androgens is
2023-07-28

The synthesis and secretion of adrenal androgens is apparently unique to humans and nonhuman primates, and requires the expression of key mediators such as CYP17 [26]. Endocrine control of CYP17 expression in rhesus monkeys is comparable to that in humans [27]. An analysis of baboon cDNA for CYP17 s
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The present study indicates elevated
2023-07-28

The present study indicates elevated ATX activity as a highly sensitive and specific biomarker to differentiate ICP from other pregnancy-related liver disorders or pruritic dermatoses. In kras-pdeδ inhibitor to the current gold standard for diagnosis, total fasting serum bile salt levels, ATX appea
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Since innate immune responses represent the first defense ag
2023-07-28

Since innate immune responses represent the first defense against incoming infectious microorganisms, they are particularly engaged during the early stages of viral infections. Many innate defense mechanisms rely on the engagement of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which are conserved, germ lin
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic
2023-07-28

Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic elastase phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A) [1]. Subseque
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The phylogenetic relationship demonstrates that both bovine
2023-07-28

The phylogenetic relationship demonstrates that both bovine and porcine 12/15-LO is more related to the human enzyme than the rabbit enzyme, despite the fact that the rabbit reticulocyte enzyme is a 15-lipoxygenase. The rabbit is one single species that expresses a 12/15 LO with 15-LO activity while
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br Mechanisms of homeostasis At face value homeostatic
2023-07-28

Mechanisms of homeostasis At face value, homeostatic mechanisms may seem like nothing more than a simple balance between opposing forces; however, the ability of Mec1/Tel1 to each orchestrate both negative and positive regulation greatly complicates the system under consideration and argues again
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It is now well established that the cumulative exposure to
2023-07-28

It is now well established that the cumulative exposure to endogenous estrogens throughout a woman's life, mainly due to her reproductive history, has an impact on the risk of hormone-dependent breast cancer (Lambertini et al., 2016). Prolonged exposure to estrogens in the case of early age at menar
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